3 research outputs found
Laboratory Development and Shared Antigenicity of Two Prototype Candidate Citrobacter Freundii Vaccines
Cirobacter freundii are currently standing as a newly emerged human pathogen causing several infection types .It may take an outbreak pattern of nosocomial infectious disease. Thus, a prototype candidate Citrobacter freundii human uro-pathogen were aimed to be laboratory developed in two versions .The first was heat killed intact[CFKV] and the second was stealth live cell wall defective[CFSLV] vaccines. Both versions were found to be; safe ,immunogenic and effective on lapin immune and challenge models. The immune efficacy was up to 80% for CF SLV and 60% for the CFKV vaccines. CFKV and CFSLV vaccines were with no mortality but with mild short lasting morbidity. The criteria of the laboratory developed C. fruendii vaccines were matching that of typhoid vaccine Ty21a.The stealth FCSLV of freundii vaccine has shown shared antigenicity with CFKV vaccine version. Such shared antigenicity was found to be of bilateral nature both in quantitative and qualitative terms. CFKV and CFSLV vaccines induced humoral antibody responses which may be of Th2 dependent B cell responses. T cell responses are far from being operable in the immune efficacy of these vaccines, since C .fruendii are neither obligate nor facultative intracellular parasites . Vaccine lapin cross challenge models are waiting to be explored in a future work
Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Channel Codes Contenders Based on Field- Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA): A Review Paper
ان الحاجة المتزايدة على الجودة، مثل السرعة العالية والتاخير المنخفض والتغطية الواسعة واستهلاك الطاقة والتكلفة والاتصالات الموثوقة في خدمات الهاتف المحمول والوسائط المتعددة ونقل البيانات تفرض استخدام المتطلبات التقنية المتقدمة في الجيل الخامس (5G) الإذاعة الجديدة (NR). واحدة من أهم الأجزاء في الطبقة المادية للجيل الجديد هي تقنية الترميز لتصحيح الأخطاء. هنالك ثلاثة اشكال مقترحة لتقنيات الترميز المخصصة لقنوات نقل البيانات وقنوات التحكم هي الترميز التوربيني وفحص التكافؤ المنخفض الكثافة (LDPC) والرموز القطبية. يتم تقييم المنافسة بين هذه الانواع من حيث القدرة على تصحيح الأخطاء والتعقيد الحسابي والمرونة. التوازي والمرونة وسرعة المعالجة العالية لمصفوفة البوابة القابلة للبرمجة الميدانية (FPGA) تجعلها أفضل في النماذج الأولية وتنفيذ الرموز المختلفة. تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة استقصائية للبحوث الحالية التي تتعامل مع تصميم وحدة فك الترميز المستندة إلى FPGA المرتبطة برموز القناة المذكورة سابقًا.The increased demands for quality, like high throughput, low-latency, wide coverage, energy consumption, cost and reliable connections in mobile services, multimedia and data transmission impose the use of advance technical requirements for the next fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). One of the most crucial parts in the physical layer of the new generation is the error correction coding technique. Three schemes, namely; Turbo, low density parity check (LDPC), and polar codes are potentially considered as the candidate codes for both data and control channels. The competition is evaluated in terms of error correction capability, computational complexity, and flexibility. The parallelism, flexibility and high processing speed of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) make it preferable in prototyping and implementation of different codes. This paper presents a survey on the current literatures that deals with FPGA-based decoder design associated with the previously mentioned channel codes
Carbapenem resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a cohort of Libyan patients
Background and objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other Gram-negative bacteria are among the most common pathogens responsible for both community and hospital acquired infection. The global spread of cephalosporinases in Enterobacteriaceae has led to the increased use of carbapenems resulting in the emergence and rapid spread of CRE. This has become an alarming public health
concern, yet the condition in Libya remains unclear. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of CRE strains prevalent
in Libyan patients by investigating their phenotypic characteristics and antibiograms.
Methods: Gram-negative bacterial species were collected from Misrata Central Hospital, Misrata Cancer Centre and Privet Pathology Laboratories. Clinical samples and swabs were obtained from hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients and from mechanical ventilation and suction machines. Patients who had received antibiotic therapy for at least three days prior to the study were excluded. The identification and characterization of the isolated species were achieved using the growth characteristics on MacConkey and blood agar,
spot tests and API 20E or API 20NE biochemical testing systems. Screening for carbapenem resistance was performed using the disk
diffusion method with carbapenem 10 μg and cephalosporin 30 μg disks and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined
using the Sensititre Gram-negative Xtra plate format (GNX2F). All strains demonstrating resistance or reduced susceptibility to one of
the four carbapenems were subjected to carbapenememase activity detection using the RAPIDEC CARBA NP test, Modified Hodge test
and carbapenem inactivation methods.
Results: A total of one hundred and forty isolates representing fourteen bacterial species were isolated from 140 non-duplicated specimens.
Clinical specimens included urine samples (96/140, 68.57%), sputum (15/140, 10.71%), surgical wound swabs (18/140, 12.85%),
foot swabs from diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (6/140, 4.29%), ear swabs (3/140, 2.14%) and wound swabs (2/140, 1.43%). Thirty-four
(24.29%) isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one of the four carbapenems with Klebsiella pneumoniae representing 73.53%
(25 isolates) of all carbapenem resistant species, followed by 8.82% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 isolates), 5.88% for both Proteus
mirabilis (2 isolates) and Escherichia coli (2 isolates) and 2.94% for both Citrobacter koseri (1 isolate) and Rahnella aquatilis (1 isolate).
The other isolates were either susceptible or cephalosporinase producers.
Conclusion: This study has revealed the high rate of carbapenem resistance amongst Libyan patients and emphasizes the crucial need for accurate screening, identification and susceptibility testing to prevent further spread of nosocomial and community acquired resistance.
This may be achieved through the establishment of antibiotic stewardship programmes along with firm infection control practices.National Research Foundation of South Africa;
Libyan GovernmentWeb of Scienc